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After doing this, they can use Cobalt Strike to map out the network and identify any vulnerabilities as well as deploy implants, backdoors, and other tools to accomplish lateral movement eventually leading to complete network infection.īuilding out grip on the compromised network
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Those commands can include instructions to download malware.
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We have seen a significant uptick in these methods in 2020 and beyond. As a follow-up to these more manual types of attacks, as opposed to spray-and-pray phishing attacks, we are seeing threat actors who have compromised a server, loading tools like Cobalt Strike Beacon onto the system. Cobalt Strike Beacon provides encrypted communication with the C&C server to send information and receive commands. For example, by using brute force methods and exploiting vulnerabilities to break into networks. What we mainly see in the ransomware field is an increasing amount of manual infections. Lately, we have seen targeted attacks by both state-sponsored threat actors and ransomware peddlers. (The terms "white hat" and "black hat" are also falling out of favor, as cybersecurity professionals adopt "red team" and "blue team" descriptors to describe offensive and defensive security teams.) These tools are meant to simulate intrusions by motivated actors, and they have proven to be very good at this. So, while "white hat" hackers were developing tools to more easily emulate "black hat" activities, few considered how these tools might be turned against someone. Cobalt Strike, and other penetration testing tools, were originally created for network defenders to train them to understand vulnerabilities and possible avenues of infection by cyber criminals. Cobalt Strike offers a post-exploitation agent and covert channels, intended to emulate a quiet long-term embedded actor in the target’s network.Ĭobalt Strike is a collection of threat emulation tools provided by HelpSystems to work in conjunction with the Metasploit Framework. Metasploit is notorious for being abused, yet modules are still being developed for it so that it continues to evolve. Cobalt Strike is in the same basket. Metasploit-probably the best known project for penetration testing-is an exploit framework, designed to make it easy for someone to launch an exploit against a particular vulnerable target. Maybe only Metasploit could give it a run for the first place ranking.
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I do not let companies pay me to write blog entries.If you were to compose a list of tools and software developed by security and privacy defenders that ended up being abused by the bad guys, then Cobalt Strike would unfortunately be near the top of the list. I’m hoping I’m managing my own bias on open source but like I’ve already said, try to use your own judgment on things I write.
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I believe strongly in protection of intellectual property and I know proprietary code and its protection is also critically important in moving us all forward, but so frequently the open source community is under represented so I want to try hard to make sure they are given a fair shake. I also have a general bias towards open source software. I was an enterprise CTO and now I study them.

Another bias is to look at things from a lens of enterprise technology. I hope everything I do is supportive of national security. One key bias comes from years in the US national security community. I’m hoping the things here are of interest and use but please use your own judgment. Since this is a personal blog my most important point regarding bias is that you should evaluate everything written here yourself. Disclaimers and Bias This blog is primarily written by Bob Gourley with a few other guest writers as invited.
